Q&A to Slums and its Formation
1. Mention
the causes of slum formation. (Nov 2014 5m)
-
Write the various causes of slums in town. (May 2015
5m)
-
Mention the causes of growth of slum. (May 2013 5m)
-
What are the main causes of slum formation? (May 2011
5m)
Ans: Following are the main causes for the
formation of slums:
1)
Industrialization: The slums may be said to be direct
evil result from industrialization. The labour class working in the factories
generally make their living as near as possible to the place of work. Their
income are low and cannot afford daily travelling from faraway places in the
city. Hence they occupy the land available or the open spaces nearby build
their house without proper planning. This gives rise to the formation of slums.
2)
Improper use of land: If the land allotted for
residence are used for industries or vise-versa, the slums may be formed.
3)
Migrants: The labour class people migrating into cities
from surrounding rural areas may occupy, usually illegally, the vacant or empty
places. Such colonies or squatters may result in formation of slums.
4)
Lack of zoning: If the town is not divided into
suitable zones and development is allowed to take place randomly, the slums may
be created.
5)
Lack of education: If the poor people are lacking in
education, they may not pay attention to improve the living conditions.
6)
Economic conditions: The main causes of slum formation
are poverty, unemployment and growth of population. It will be difficult for
them to afford a decent place on rent, thus they move to slum areas.
7)
Repair & Maintenance: If cheap houses, constructed
by the land owner for the purpose of collection of rents, are not properly
maintained, the condition will lead to formation of slums.
8)
Decentralization: The rich and middle class people move
out to the extended portion of the town and thus, the poor people are left
unattended in the overcrowded central area of the city.
9)
Inadequate powers: If the local authority concerned
does not have adequate powers to control the development of town, the slums may
be formed.
2. What
are the effects of slums in towns? (Nov 2014, May 2009 5m)
-
Explain the effects of slums on town life. (Nov 2013
5m)
-
Explain briefly the effects of slums on town life. (
May 2013 5m)
-
Explain the effects of slums. (Nov 2011 5m)
Ans: The some of the effects of slums are listed
as follows:
1)
Unhealthy conditions are created due to absence of
public facilities like water supply, drainage, sanitation and electricity, etc.
2)
The inhabitants of slums are easily attacked by various
types of diseases.
3)
There is complete absence of social and cultural life.
4)
The slum dweller develops low moral character and he is
easily attracted to petty crime and illegal activities such as drugs and
smuggling, etc.
5)
The overcrowding area is full of noise, smoke and
congestion.
6)
The slums disturbs the appearance of the town.
7)
There is always danger of accidents due to
overcrowding.
8)
It is not possible to work peacefully in slums because
of poor living standards.
9)
All the open areas are being occupied, there is no open
space for recreation, pure air, etc.
10) A
slum dweller loses his ambition, civic interest as well as neighbourhood
spirit.
3. What
are the characteristics of a slum in a town? (Nov 2013, Nov 2011, May 2010 5m)
Ans: Following are
the characteristics of a slum in a town,
1)
Appearance: The slum area gives an ugly look and speaks
of its bad conditions.
2)
Hazard: Environment of slum may be the cause of various
hazards like fire, flood, health, etc.
3)
Health and sanitation: The people of slum have poor
health for which poor sanitation, poor air-circulation, and poor penetration of
sunlight due various obstructions are responsible.
4)
Low income: Generally, slum people belong to low-income
group and they cannot afford living in better houses.
5)
Morals: Slum people have low morale, these people also
get involved in immoral works which cannot give a healthy teaching to their
children.
6)
Density of population: Slums have high density of
population which gives mental and physical discomforts to man.
7)
Way of living: In slums, way of living is poor due to
poor social interactions, poverty and evils.
8)
Improper use of land: Due to shortage of space, the
open area is converted to living area and even some times encroachment of roads
takes place.
9)
Industrialization: Due to industrialization number of
migrants will increase.
10) Economic
conditions and education: Due to poverty slum dwellers are unable to educate
their children.
11) Imbalance
of surrounding conditions: The various conditions of slum are responsible to
destroy the landscape and imbalance of ecology of place.
12) Power
of local authorities: Local authorities escape from exercising their power to
handle slum due to unnecessary interference of political people.
4. Write
the preventive measures taken for slum formation in a town. (May 2015 5m)
-
Explain briefly the measures to be taken to prevent
slum formation. (May 2013 5m)
Ans: The following
are the preventive measures adopted to prevent formation of slums:
1)
The authorities should make provision for healthy
conditions of living and working.
2)
The subsidized cheap housing in sufficient number
should be provided for labour class people.
3)
The authorities should enforce the law that the
employers should provide better housing facilities for their workers.
4)
The authorities should have power to control the rents
under “Rent Restriction Act”.
5)
The sub-standard and unauthorized construction should
be avoided and strict action should be taken against the contractor.
6)
Proper wages should be provided to the labours to
improve their standard of living.
7)
The labourers should be properly educated to take care
of health, cleanliness and general welfare of their families.
8)
It is possible to check the growth of slums by carrying
out effective social education of the slum dwellers.
5. Briefly
explain the slum clearance. What are the main objects of taking up slum
clearance programme. (Nov 2010, Nov 2011 5m)
-
Briefly explain different methods of slum clearance.
(Nov 2011 5m)
-
Explain the two methods of slum clearance. (May 2013,
Nov 2009 5m)
-
Write a note on slum clearance & rehousing. (May
2010 5m)
Ans: The main
objects of taking up slum clearance programme are as follows,
Ø
To bring down the disparity in the standard of
living
Ø
To prevent the occurrence of epidemics in the
town or city
Ø
To provide basic amenities for healthy living
Ø
To remove the ugly spots and slums from the map
of the town.
The following are
the two methods of slum clearance,
1)
Complete removal method: In this method congestion area
may be completely cleared out of the existing locality.
Ø
The ill-constructed houses are demolished and
only those which are really good are retained.
Ø
Transit camps in the form of temporary buildings
near the slum areas should be constructed to accommodate those dishoused in the
process of slum clearance.
Ø
The areas thus cleared up may be used for
widening of roads, providing recreation grounds or building new houses of
approved standards.
Ø
The population should be provided with amenities
such as water supply, drainage, sanitary arrangements, electricity, gas, etc.
Ø
The slum clearance, by this method, proves to be
costly.
2)
Improvement method:
Ø
The slums are due to poor drainage system and
unhealthy conditions. Hence the drainage arrangement is modified and improved.
Ø
Public utility services like water, electricity,
drainage, gas may be provided in the affected area.
Ø
If the houses are fairly good, certain steps
such as improvement of the street system, modifications of drainage
arrangement, etc. may be taken up to implement slum clearance scheme.
Ø
Low portions of the old slums like ditches, or
swamps may be filled up and then the existing roads may be widened.
Ø
With proper planning and improvement works it is
possible to make the slums slightly more habitable at the minimum cost.
6. What
are the methods of slum improvements? (5m)
-
What is meant by works of improvement in slum area?
(5m)
Ans: The important
points to be carefully considered in slum clearance or improvement project are
as follows,
1)
Transit camps: A form of semi-permanent or temporary
building are constructed in some other parts of the town to accommodate such
person’s temporary till their new houses are built.
2)
Legal aspects: The legal aspects include publication
and circulation of the slum clearance project, acquisition of lands,
compensation of acquired land, arrangements for the evicted population, etc.
3)
Amenities: The public utility services such as water,
drainage and electricity should be made adequate for the affected area.
4)
Unauthorized persons: To arrest the unauthorized
persons who take advantage during the transit period. And an identity
Reference:
·
Town Planning by Rangwala. Published by
Charotar, 24th edition; 2011.
·
Town Planning text book by H.S. Vishwanath,
Published by Sapna book house, 2nd revised and enlarged edition;
2014.
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